How does a dead ball work? — DIY, Lyon, France
A dead ball, a ball that doesn’t bounce, is one with enormous internal friction. A bouncy ball stores energy when it collides with a surface and then returns this energy when it rebounds. But no ball is perfectly elastic, so some of the collision energy extracted from the ball and surface when they collide is ultimately converted into heat rather than being returned during the rebound. The deader the ball is, the less of the collision energy is returned as rebound energy. A truly dead ball converts all of the collision energy into heat so that it doesn’t rebound at all.
Most of the missing collision energy is lost because of sliding friction within the ball. Molecules move across one another as the ball’s surface dents inward and these molecules rub. This rubbing produces heat and diminishes the elastic potential energy stored in the ball. When the ball subsequently undents, there just isn’t as much stored energy available for a strong rebound. The classic dead “ball” is a beanbag. When you throw a beanbag at a wall, it doesn’t rebound because all of its energy is lost through sliding friction between the beans as the beanbag dents.